mrgameeng/tests/MrGameEng.Content.Tests/Genetics/GeneticsTests.cs

using MrGameEng.Formulas;
using MrGameEng.Genetics;
using Xunit;

namespace MrGameEng.Genetics.Tests;

public class GeneticsTests
{
    private static GeneDef Numeric(
        string name,
        float def,
        float spread = 0f,
        float min = float.NegativeInfinity,
        float max = float.PositiveInfinity,
        float mutationChance = 0f,
        float mutationMagnitude = 0.1f,
        Dictionary<string, string>? effects = null
    ) =>
        new()
        {
            DefName = name,
            Kind = GeneKind.Numeric,
            Default = def,
            Spread = spread,
            Min = min,
            Max = max,
            MutationChance = mutationChance,
            MutationMagnitude = mutationMagnitude,
            Effects = effects ?? new(),
        };

    private static GeneDef Discrete(string name, int variants = 2, float mutationChance = 0f) =>
        new()
        {
            DefName = name,
            Kind = GeneKind.Discrete,
            Variants = variants,
            MutationChance = mutationChance,
        };

    private static Dictionary<string, GeneDef> Registry(params GeneDef[] genes) =>
        genes.ToDictionary(g => g.DefName, g => g, StringComparer.Ordinal);

    [Fact]
    public void Generate_NumericAlleles_StayWithinSpreadAndClamp()
    {
        var gene = Numeric("vigor", def: 1f, spread: 0.2f, min: 0f, max: 2f);
        var random = new Random(7);

        for (var i = 0; i < 200; i++)
        {
            var genome = Genome.Generate([gene], random);
            var allele = genome["vigor"];
            Assert.InRange(allele.A, 0.8f, 1.2f);
            Assert.InRange(allele.B, 0.8f, 1.2f);
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Generate_SameSeed_IsDeterministic()
    {
        var genes = new[] { Numeric("a", 1f, 0.3f), Discrete("morph", 2) };

        var first = Genome.Generate(genes, new Random(42));
        var second = Genome.Generate(genes, new Random(42));

        Assert.Equal(first["a"], second["a"]);
        Assert.Equal(first["morph"], second["morph"]);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Express_Numeric_IsAlleleMean()
    {
        var gene = Numeric("opt", 0f);
        var genome = new Genome { ["opt"] = new Allele(0.4f, 0.8f) };

        Assert.Equal(0.6f, genome.Express(gene), 5);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Express_Discrete_DominantIsLowerIndex()
    {
        var gene = Discrete("morph", 2);

        Assert.Equal(0f, new Genome { ["morph"] = new Allele(0f, 1f) }.Express(gene)); // heterozygous → dominant 0
        Assert.Equal(1f, new Genome { ["morph"] = new Allele(1f, 1f) }.Express(gene)); // homozygous recessive
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Breed_WithoutMutation_InheritsOneAlleleFromEachParent()
    {
        var gene = Numeric("g", 0f, mutationChance: 0f);
        var registry = Registry(gene);
        var a = new Genome { ["g"] = new Allele(1f, 2f) };
        var b = new Genome { ["g"] = new Allele(3f, 4f) };

        var child = Genome.Breed(a, b, registry, new Random(1));

        Assert.Contains(child["g"].A, new[] { 1f, 2f }); // first allele from parent a
        Assert.Contains(child["g"].B, new[] { 3f, 4f }); // second allele from parent b
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Breed_UnionOfGenes_ProducesHybridComposition()
    {
        // a carries only "leaf", b carries only "root" — a child can carry both (hybrid).
        var registry = Registry(Numeric("leaf", 1f), Numeric("root", 1f));
        var a = new Genome { ["leaf"] = new Allele(1f, 1f) };
        var b = new Genome { ["root"] = new Allele(2f, 2f) };

        var carriedBoth = false;
        for (var seed = 0; seed < 50 && !carriedBoth; seed++)
        {
            var child = Genome.Breed(a, b, registry, new Random(seed));
            carriedBoth = child.Has("leaf") && child.Has("root");
        }

        Assert.True(carriedBoth, "single-parent genes should sometimes both be inherited");
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Breed_HighMutation_DiscreteCanFlipVariant()
    {
        var gene = Discrete("morph", variants: 2, mutationChance: 1f);
        var registry = Registry(gene);
        var parent = new Genome { ["morph"] = new Allele(0f, 0f) };

        var sawOne = false;
        for (var seed = 0; seed < 50 && !sawOne; seed++)
        {
            var child = Genome.Breed(parent, parent, registry, new Random(seed));
            var allele = child["morph"];
            sawOne = allele.A == 1f || allele.B == 1f;
        }

        Assert.True(sawOne, "with full mutation a 0/0 parent should sometimes yield variant 1");
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Compute_GeneEffect_UsesValueVariable()
    {
        var gene = Numeric("vigor", 0f, effects: new() { ["growth"] = "value * 2" });
        var genome = new Genome { ["vigor"] = new Allele(1.5f, 2.5f) }; // mean 2

        var traits = Phenotype.Compute(genome, Registry(gene));

        Assert.Equal(4f, traits["growth"], 5); // 2 * 2
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Compute_MultipleGenes_SumContributionsPerTrait()
    {
        var a = Numeric("a", 0f, effects: new() { ["yield"] = "value" });
        var b = Numeric("b", 0f, effects: new() { ["yield"] = "value" });
        var genome = new Genome { ["a"] = new Allele(3f, 3f), ["b"] = new Allele(4f, 4f) };

        var traits = Phenotype.Compute(genome, Registry(a, b));

        Assert.Equal(7f, traits["yield"], 5);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Compute_FormulaReadsEnvironmentAndOtherGenes()
    {
        var opt = Numeric("optLight", 0.5f);
        var vigor = Numeric(
            "vigor",
            1f,
            effects: new() { ["rate"] = "value * (1 - abs(light - optLight))" }
        );
        var genome = new Genome
        {
            ["optLight"] = new Allele(0.5f, 0.5f),
            ["vigor"] = new Allele(1f, 1f),
        };
        var env = new DelegateFormulaContext(n =>
            n == "light" ? 0.7f : throw new FormulaException(n)
        );

        var traits = Phenotype.Compute(genome, Registry(opt, vigor), env);

        Assert.Equal(0.8f, traits["rate"], 5); // 1 * (1 - |0.7 - 0.5|)
    }

    [Fact]
    public void CompiledEffects_InvalidFormula_ThrowsWithGeneAndTrait()
    {
        var gene = Numeric("bad", 0f, effects: new() { ["t"] = "value *" });

        var error = Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => _ = gene.CompiledEffects);
        Assert.Contains("bad", error.Message);
        Assert.Contains("t", error.Message);
    }
}