Add scene transitions (fade, wipe) to SceneManager

Switch(scene, transition) covers the old scene, swaps at full coverage
(hiding slow OnLoad), then reveals the new one. Built-in Fade and Wipe
transitions draw through TransitionRenderer (BasicEffect quad, no
SpriteBatch); custom transitions subclass Transition. Runs on unscaled
time so it works while gameplay is paused; Switch during a transition
replaces the pending target.

Sample: Tab now fades into the stress scene and wipes back.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

docs/architecture.md

@@ -138,6 +138,19 @@ public static partial class GameAssets
   0 аллокаций на кадр. Контролируется бенчмарками (BenchmarkDotNet) и
   стресс-сценой в Sample.
 
+## Сцены и переходы
+
+- `SceneManager` владеет активной сценой; обычное переключение откладывается до начала
+  следующего кадра (сцена никогда не выгружается посреди собственного кадра).
+- `Scenes.Switch(scene, Transition.Fade(0.5f))` — переключение с визуальным переходом:
+  фаза закрытия (старая сцена живёт) → своп при полном покрытии → фаза открытия.
+  Тяжёлый `OnLoad` новой сцены скрыт за полностью закрытым экраном.
+- Встроенные переходы: `Transition.Fade(duration, color)` и `Transition.Wipe(duration, color)`
+  (шторка). Свои — наследованием от `Transition` (рисование через `TransitionRenderer.Fill`
+  в нормализованных координатах экрана).
+- Переходы идут по **unscaled**-времени: работают при паузе геймплея (`TimeScale = 0`).
+- Повторный `Switch` во время перехода заменяет целевую сцену, не перезапуская переход.
+
 ## Интеграция ECS
 
 - На каждую сцену создаётся свой `EntityStore` (мир) и **два** `SystemRoot`:

samples/MrGameEng.Sample/SampleSystems.cs

@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ public sealed class BounceSystem(RectF bounds) : QuerySystem<Transform2D, Veloci
     }
 }
 
-/// <summary>Пауза (P), музыка (M), переключение сцены (Tab).</summary>
+/// <summary>Пауза (P), музыка (M), переключение сцены с переходом (Tab).</summary>
 public sealed class SceneHotkeysSystem(
-    EngineContext context, ActionMap<SampleAction> actions, Func<Scene> nextScene) : BaseSystem
+    EngineContext context, ActionMap<SampleAction> actions, Func<Scene> nextScene, Transition transition) : BaseSystem
 {
     protected override void OnUpdateGroup()
     {
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ public sealed class SceneHotkeysSystem(
             }
         }
 
-        if (actions.IsPressed(SampleAction.SwitchScene))
+        if (actions.IsPressed(SampleAction.SwitchScene) && !context.Scenes.IsTransitioning)
         {
-            context.Scenes.Switch(nextScene());
+            context.Scenes.Switch(nextScene(), transition);
         }
     }
 }

samples/MrGameEng.Sample/Scenes/MainScene.cs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public sealed class MainScene : Scene
         UpdateSystems.Add(new PlayerControlSystem(player, actions, audio, beep));
         UpdateSystems.Add(new BounceSystem(WorldBounds));
         UpdateSystems.Add(new CameraControlSystem(camera, player, input));
-        UpdateSystems.Add(new SceneHotkeysSystem(Context, actions, () => new StressScene()));
+        UpdateSystems.Add(new SceneHotkeysSystem(Context, actions, () => new StressScene(), Transition.Fade(0.8f)));
         UpdateSystems.Add(new TitleStatsSystem(Context, renderer, "Main"));
 
         var music = audio.Music;

samples/MrGameEng.Sample/Scenes/StressScene.cs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public sealed class StressScene : Scene
 
         UpdateSystems.Add(new BounceSystem(WorldBounds));
         UpdateSystems.Add(new StressCameraSystem(camera, input));
-        UpdateSystems.Add(new SceneHotkeysSystem(Context, actions, () => new MainScene()));
+        UpdateSystems.Add(new SceneHotkeysSystem(Context, actions, () => new MainScene(), Transition.Wipe(0.8f, Color.DarkSlateBlue)));
         UpdateSystems.Add(new TitleStatsSystem(Context, renderer, $"Stress {SpriteCount:N0}"));
     }
 

src/MrGameEng.Core/SceneManager.cs

@@ -1,39 +1,103 @@
 namespace MrGameEng.Core;
 
 /// <summary>
-/// Owns the active <see cref="Scene"/>. Scene switches are deferred to the start of the
-/// next update so a scene is never unloaded in the middle of its own frame.
+/// Owns the active <see cref="Scene"/>. Plain switches are deferred to the start of the next
+/// update so a scene is never unloaded in the middle of its own frame. Switches with a
+/// <see cref="Transition"/> first cover the old scene, swap at full coverage (hiding even a
+/// slow <c>OnLoad</c>), then reveal the new one. Transition time is unscaled, so it works
+/// while gameplay is paused.
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class SceneManager
 {
+    private enum State
+    {
+        Idle,
+        CoveringOut,
+        RevealingIn,
+    }
+
     /// <summary>The active scene, or null before the first switch is applied.</summary>
     public Scene? Current { get; private set; }
 
+    /// <summary>True while a transition is covering or revealing.</summary>
+    public bool IsTransitioning => _state != State.Idle;
+
     private readonly EngineContext _context;
     private Scene? _pending;
     private bool _hasPending;
+    private Transition? _transition;
+    private State _state;
+    private float _coverage;
+    private TransitionRenderer? _renderer;
 
     internal SceneManager(EngineContext context) => _context = context;
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Requests a switch to <paramref name="scene"/>. The current scene is unloaded and the new
-    /// one loaded at the start of the next update tick. Passing null unloads the current scene.
+    /// Requests a switch to <paramref name="scene"/>. Without a transition the swap happens at
+    /// the start of the next update tick; with one, the old scene is first covered.
+    /// Passing null unloads the current scene. Calling during an active transition replaces
+    /// the pending target scene.
     /// </summary>
-    public void Switch(Scene? scene)
+    public void Switch(Scene? scene, Transition? transition = null)
     {
         _pending = scene;
         _hasPending = true;
+
+        if (_state == State.Idle && transition is not null)
+        {
+            _transition = transition;
+            _state = State.CoveringOut;
+            _coverage = 0f;
+        }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Applies a pending switch, then updates the active scene. Called by the host.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Advances a transition and updates the active scene. Called by the host.</summary>
     public void Update(GameClock clock)
     {
-        ApplyPending();
+        switch (_state)
+        {
+            case State.Idle:
+                ApplyPending();
+                break;
+
+            case State.CoveringOut:
+                _coverage = Advance(_coverage, +1f, _transition!.OutDuration, clock.UnscaledDeltaTime);
+                if (_coverage >= 1f)
+                {
+                    ApplyPending();
+                    _state = State.RevealingIn;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case State.RevealingIn:
+                _coverage = Advance(_coverage, -1f, _transition!.InDuration, clock.UnscaledDeltaTime);
+                if (_coverage <= 0f)
+                {
+                    _state = State.Idle;
+                    _transition = null;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
         Current?.Update(clock);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Draws the active scene. Called by the host.</summary>
-    public void Draw(GameClock clock) => Current?.Draw(clock);
+    /// <summary>Draws the active scene and the transition overlay on top. Called by the host.</summary>
+    public void Draw(GameClock clock)
+    {
+        Current?.Draw(clock);
+
+        if (_state == State.Idle || !_context.HasGraphicsDevice)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _renderer ??= new TransitionRenderer(_context.GraphicsDevice);
+        var phase = _state == State.CoveringOut ? TransitionPhase.Out : TransitionPhase.In;
+        _transition!.Draw(_renderer, Math.Clamp(_coverage, 0f, 1f), phase);
+    }
 
     internal void ApplyPending()
     {
@@ -48,4 +112,9 @@ public sealed class SceneManager
         _pending = null;
         Current?.Load(_context);
     }
+
+    private static float Advance(float coverage, float direction, float duration, float deltaTime) =>
+        duration <= 0f
+            ? coverage + direction
+            : Math.Clamp(coverage + direction * deltaTime / duration, 0f, 1f);
 }

src/MrGameEng.Core/Transition.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace MrGameEng.Core;
+
+/// <summary>Phase of a scene transition.</summary>
+public enum TransitionPhase
+{
+    /// <summary>The old scene is being covered (coverage grows 0 → 1).</summary>
+    Out,
+
+    /// <summary>The new scene is being revealed (coverage shrinks 1 → 0).</summary>
+    In,
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Visual transition between scenes. The scene switch itself happens at full coverage,
+/// so a slow <c>OnLoad</c> of the next scene is hidden behind the overlay.
+/// Transitions are stateless and reusable; progress is tracked by <see cref="SceneManager"/>.
+/// Runs on unscaled time, so it works while gameplay is paused.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class Transition
+{
+    /// <summary>Seconds the covering phase takes.</summary>
+    public float OutDuration { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Seconds the revealing phase takes.</summary>
+    public float InDuration { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Creates a transition with explicit phase durations.</summary>
+    protected Transition(float outDuration, float inDuration)
+    {
+        OutDuration = Math.Max(0f, outDuration);
+        InDuration = Math.Max(0f, inDuration);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Draws the overlay. <paramref name="coverage"/> is 0 (scene fully visible) to
+    /// 1 (scene fully covered); <paramref name="phase"/> tells which side of the switch this is.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract void Draw(TransitionRenderer renderer, float coverage, TransitionPhase phase);
+
+    /// <summary>Fade through a solid color (black by default). Total duration is split between out and in.</summary>
+    public static Transition Fade(float duration = 0.6f, Color? color = null) =>
+        new FadeTransition(duration / 2f, duration / 2f, color ?? Color.Black);
+
+    /// <summary>A curtain wiping across the screen (black by default). Total duration is split between out and in.</summary>
+    public static Transition Wipe(float duration = 0.6f, Color? color = null) =>
+        new WipeTransition(duration / 2f, duration / 2f, color ?? Color.Black);
+
+    private sealed class FadeTransition(float outDuration, float inDuration, Color color)
+        : Transition(outDuration, inDuration)
+    {
+        public override void Draw(TransitionRenderer renderer, float coverage, TransitionPhase phase) =>
+            renderer.Fill(0f, 0f, 1f, 1f, color, coverage);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class WipeTransition(float outDuration, float inDuration, Color color)
+        : Transition(outDuration, inDuration)
+    {
+        public override void Draw(TransitionRenderer renderer, float coverage, TransitionPhase phase)
+        {
+            // Out: шторка растёт слева направо; In: уезжает дальше вправо.
+            if (phase == TransitionPhase.Out)
+            {
+                renderer.Fill(0f, 0f, coverage, 1f, color);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                renderer.Fill(1f - coverage, 0f, coverage, 1f, color);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/MrGameEng.Core/TransitionRenderer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace MrGameEng.Core;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Minimal overlay renderer handed to <see cref="Transition.Draw"/>: fills rectangles in
+/// normalized screen coordinates (0..1 on both axes) over the rendered scene.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class TransitionRenderer
+{
+    private readonly GraphicsDevice _device;
+    private readonly BasicEffect _effect;
+    private readonly VertexPositionColor[] _vertices = new VertexPositionColor[6];
+
+    internal TransitionRenderer(GraphicsDevice device)
+    {
+        _device = device;
+        _effect = new BasicEffect(device)
+        {
+            VertexColorEnabled = true,
+            TextureEnabled = false,
+            World = Matrix.Identity,
+            View = Matrix.Identity,
+            Projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0f, 1f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 1f),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fills a rectangle given in normalized screen coordinates with <paramref name="color"/>
+    /// at the given <paramref name="opacity"/> (0 = invisible, 1 = solid).
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Fill(float x, float y, float width, float height, Color color, float opacity = 1f)
+    {
+        var alpha = (byte)(Math.Clamp(opacity, 0f, 1f) * color.A);
+        var premultiplied = Color.FromNonPremultiplied(color.R, color.G, color.B, alpha);
+
+        var topLeft = new Vector3(x, y, 0f);
+        var topRight = new Vector3(x + width, y, 0f);
+        var bottomLeft = new Vector3(x, y + height, 0f);
+        var bottomRight = new Vector3(x + width, y + height, 0f);
+
+        _vertices[0] = new VertexPositionColor(topLeft, premultiplied);
+        _vertices[1] = new VertexPositionColor(topRight, premultiplied);
+        _vertices[2] = new VertexPositionColor(bottomLeft, premultiplied);
+        _vertices[3] = new VertexPositionColor(bottomLeft, premultiplied);
+        _vertices[4] = new VertexPositionColor(topRight, premultiplied);
+        _vertices[5] = new VertexPositionColor(bottomRight, premultiplied);
+
+        _device.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;
+        _device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None;
+        _device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullNone;
+
+        foreach (var pass in _effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
+        {
+            pass.Apply();
+            _device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, _vertices, 0, 2);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/MrGameEng.Core.Tests/SceneTransitionTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+using MrGameEng.Core;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace MrGameEng.Core.Tests;
+
+public class SceneTransitionTests
+{
+    private sealed class TrackingScene : Scene
+    {
+        public int LoadCount;
+        public int UnloadCount;
+
+        protected override void OnLoad() => LoadCount++;
+
+        protected override void OnUnload() => UnloadCount++;
+    }
+
+    private static void Tick(EngineContext context, float seconds)
+    {
+        context.Clock.Advance(seconds);
+        context.Scenes.Update(context.Clock);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TransitionSwitch_KeepsOldScene_UntilFullyCovered()
+    {
+        var context = new EngineContext();
+        var first = new TrackingScene();
+        var second = new TrackingScene();
+        context.Scenes.Switch(first);
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+
+        // Fade(1.0) → фаза закрытия 0.5 c, фаза открытия 0.5 c.
+        context.Scenes.Switch(second, Transition.Fade(1f));
+        Tick(context, 0.2f);
+
+        Assert.True(context.Scenes.IsTransitioning);
+        Assert.Same(first, context.Scenes.Current);
+        Assert.Equal(0, second.LoadCount);
+
+        Tick(context, 0.4f); // суммарно 0.6 > 0.5 — экран закрыт, своп произошёл
+
+        Assert.Same(second, context.Scenes.Current);
+        Assert.Equal(1, first.UnloadCount);
+        Assert.Equal(1, second.LoadCount);
+        Assert.True(context.Scenes.IsTransitioning); // идёт фаза открытия
+
+        Tick(context, 0.6f); // открытие завершено
+
+        Assert.False(context.Scenes.IsTransitioning);
+        Assert.Same(second, context.Scenes.Current);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Transition_UsesUnscaledTime_WorksWhilePaused()
+    {
+        var context = new EngineContext();
+        var first = new TrackingScene();
+        var second = new TrackingScene();
+        context.Scenes.Switch(first);
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+        context.Clock.TimeScale = 0f; // игра на паузе
+
+        context.Scenes.Switch(second, Transition.Fade(0.2f));
+        Tick(context, 0.15f);
+        Tick(context, 0.15f);
+
+        Assert.Same(second, context.Scenes.Current);
+        Assert.False(context.Scenes.IsTransitioning);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SwitchDuringTransition_ReplacesPendingTarget()
+    {
+        var context = new EngineContext();
+        var first = new TrackingScene();
+        var second = new TrackingScene();
+        var third = new TrackingScene();
+        context.Scenes.Switch(first);
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+
+        context.Scenes.Switch(second, Transition.Fade(1f));
+        Tick(context, 0.1f);
+        context.Scenes.Switch(third); // передумали, пока экран закрывается
+
+        Tick(context, 0.5f);
+
+        Assert.Same(third, context.Scenes.Current);
+        Assert.Equal(0, second.LoadCount);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ZeroDurationTransition_SwapsOnNextUpdates()
+    {
+        var context = new EngineContext();
+        var first = new TrackingScene();
+        var second = new TrackingScene();
+        context.Scenes.Switch(first);
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+
+        context.Scenes.Switch(second, Transition.Fade(0f));
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+        Tick(context, 0.016f);
+
+        Assert.Same(second, context.Scenes.Current);
+        Assert.False(context.Scenes.IsTransitioning);
+    }
+}